Define informed consent.

• A. A signature on a form with no discussion
• B. A patient’s voluntary agreement to treatment after understanding risks, benefits, and alternatives
• C. A contract with the clinic
• D. A request for medical advice

Answer: (B)

Informed consent centers on patient autonomy and involving the patient in decisions about their care. It means the patient voluntarily agrees to a proposed treatment after being given clear information about what the procedure involves, the risks and benefits, and reasonable alternatives, including the option of no treatment. The patient should understand this information and be able to ask questions, with capacity to decide; if capacity is lacking, a substitute decision-maker may be involved. The best description captures both understanding and voluntary agreement to treatment after weighing risks, benefits, and alternatives.

A signature on a form with no discussion does not reflect understanding or voluntary decision-making. A contract with the clinic and a request for medical advice describe different relationships or needs and do not constitute informed consent to treatment.